Use regular plurals with -s, -es and -ies

Key Notes:

Understanding Regular Plurals:

• Singular vs. Plural: Explain that singular refers to one item (e.g., cat) and plural refers to more than one item (e.g., cats).
• Regular Plurals: Most nouns form their plural by adding -s, -es, or -ies to the singular form.

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Adding -s:

• Basic Rule: Add -s to most singular nouns to make them plural.
  • Example: book → books, dog → dogs.
• When to Use: Use -s when the singular noun ends in a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) or a consonant that does not require special rules.

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Adding -es:

• Basic Rule: Add -es to singular nouns that end in -s, -x, -z, -sh, or -ch.
  • Example: bus → buses, box → boxes, buzz → buzzes, dish → dishes, church → churches.
• When to Use: Use -es to make pronunciation easier and to follow standard spelling rules for these ending sounds.

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Changing -y to -ies:

• Basic Rule: Change -y to -ies for singular nouns ending in a consonant + -y.
  • Example: baby → babies, city → cities.
• When to Use: If a singular noun ends in a consonant followed by -y, replace -y with -ies to form the plural.

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Irregular Cases:

• Exceptions: Some nouns do not follow these rules and need to be memorized (e.g., man → men, mouse → mice). However, focus on regular plurals for this grade level.

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