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spiderwebs.

No one teaches spiders how to spin silk or build webs. Yet they carry out this difficult task like experts, following a careful process to create their homes.

A common orb-style web begins with a single thread of silk. The spider drops this thread from a high point, such as a tree branch, and anchors it to a lower point. Once the thread is fixed in place, the spider crawls along it and produces more threads of silk. The new threads are looser than the first, and they form the frame of the spiderweb. The spider moves back and forth, climbing with its tiny claws and clinging to the silk with the sharp little hairs on its legs. After the web’s frame is completed, the spider lays thread in circles around the web’s centre.

In these early steps, the spider does not use any sticky silk. That way, the spider can avoid getting stuck as it builds. But once the web has taken shape, the spider moves back along the circles of silk and adds a sticky material. The sticky circles will trap insects for the spider to eat. The spider will also leave some non-sticky threads, which allow it to easily travel throughout its home.

When the carefully laid web is complete, the spider sits at its centre, waiting for the threads to vibrate. It can sense when an insect has been caught, and it hurries over to enjoy its hard-earned meal.

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narwhals.

Sometimes called the ‘unicorns of the sea’, narwhals are a type of whale. These large and beautiful creatures have a long tusk growing from their heads. The twisted tusk looks just like a unicorn horn. But it’s not a horn at all. It is actually a very long tooth that grows into a sword-like, spiral tusk that can get up to two and a half metres long. 

Scientists are not sure why narwhals have a tusk. Some scientists think that narwhals use the tusk to tell how much salt is in the water. But other scientists disagree. Some scientists speculate that the tusk might be useful for finding a mate. Still other scientists believe the pointy tusk is for breaking up ice on the surface. Scientists have many ideas, but nobody knows for sure. Narwhals remain mysterious creatures because they are difficult to study. First, they spend most of their time under thick ice. Also, narwhals live most happily swimming freely in the ocean, so scientists cannot bring them into an aquarium to study.

Scientists have learned a few things about narwhals, though. Narwhals can stay under water for a long time, using cracks in the ice to come up for air when they need it. Also, narwhals will dive about one and a half kilometres deep when searching for the kinds of fish and squid they like to eat. While there is still much more to learn about narwhals, one thing is certain: scientists will keep watching narwhals to learn more about these mysterious whales.

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aardvarks.

What animal has the nose of a pig, the ears of a rabbit and the tail of a kangaroo? If you guessed an aardvark, you’re right! Although aardvarks seem similar to pigs, rabbits and kangaroos, they are not closely related. Instead, aardvarks are closer relatives of elephants. 

Aardvarks live in dry grassland areas of Africa. With their strong claws, aardvarks frequently dig new burrows to live in. They are known for their fast digging skills and can dig a half-metre hole in about ten seconds. This digging skill is helpful for finding food and for protection from lions and hyenas. When in danger, aardvarks can quickly dig a hole big enough to hide in while moving the dirt behind them to block the tunnel.

To keep away from enemies, aardvarks have to be careful when they look for food. Since aardvarks are colour-blind and their eyesight is not very good, they use their senses of sound and smell to get around. For example, their large rabbit-like ears are useful for hearing lions and leopards from far away. Also, an aardvark uses its long pig-like snout to find food, pressing it into the dirt and sniffing for termites and ants. When it finds a termite mound, it uses its sticky tongue, which can be as long as a ruler, to lick up the insects. Aardvarks can easily eat tens of thousands of insects in a given night.