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Sounding the Silent Alarm
Imagine a world where no birds sing in the springtime—a silent spring. That is what Rachel Carson asked people to do in her 1962 book, Silent Spring. Carson was sounding an alarm. She was telling people to pay attention to what was happening to the environment.
Born in 1907, Carson grew up on a farm in the American state of Pennsylvania. Her two loves were nature and writing. These interests would follow her throughout her life. At university, Carson studied biology and zoology, the sciences of living things and animals. She also wrote for her university newspaper.
After university, Carson went to work as a biologist for the United States government. She wrote about fish for an educational radio programme. She also wrote newspaper articles, magazine articles and three popular books about life in the oceans. Her work with the US government lasted for several years.
In the 1950s, Carson became worried about the growing use of pesticides. Pesticides are chemicals that kill pests, like insects that damage crops. One of these pesticides was DDT. People were spraying large amounts of DDT from the air onto crops. Carson learned that DDT was poisoning the food chain. It did not just kill insects. It also harmed the fish that ate them. And the birds who ate the fish then also became poisoned. For example, Carson found that DDT was causing bald eagle populations across the US to decrease. It took her years to gather her facts, but when she published Silent Spring in 1962, it woke people up to the dangers of overusing pesticides.
The chemical companies that made DDT fought against the facts in Carson’s book. But Carson defended her work before the US Congress, which has the power to make laws for the country. Her book sold over two million copies and started an American environmental movement. People all over the country became interested in helping the environment. Carson’s book helped encourage American President Richard Nixon to create the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970. The EPA makes rules to protect people and the environment from pollution. The EPA banned DDT in 1973. After DDT was no longer allowed, the number of bald eagles and other birds started to grow again. These changes happened after Carson’s death, but it was her work and love for the planet that sparked a movement that continues today.