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And Then There Was Writing
From books and advertising hoardings to text messages and T-shirts, writing seems to be everywhere. But this wasn’t always the case. Before writing could show up on pages and screens, it had to be invented.
Historians believe that writing was first invented before 3000 BCE. It began in a place called Sumer, located in what is now Iraq and Iran. At first, writing was mostly used by traders. These traders needed a way to keep records when they traded goods like sheep or grain. So, the first writings were simple drawings of things like places, animals or crops. These drawings were often followed by marks to show an amount. An early Sumerian text might have a picture of a temple, a sheep and three lines. This would remind a trader that he had traded three sheep to someone at the temple.
The early Sumerian writing system was good for representing physical objects that could be seen and touched. However, it had no markings for abstract things like thoughts or emotions. Did these early writers enjoy being traders? We don’t know. The Sumerians could keep lists, but they could not yet use writing to describe events or tell stories.
Starting around 3200 BCE, writing began to change. Some ancient peoples began creating symbols to represent the sounds in their spoken language. The symbols worked like an alphabet, though they looked different from the symbols used in today’s alphabets. When writers put the symbols together, they were able to build any word in their spoken language. Suddenly it became possible to write about ideas and stories, not just objects and amounts.
Writing systems were created in different parts of the world at different times. In China, writing started around 1200 BCE. Less than one thousand years later, on the other side of the world, people in Central America created their own form of writing. However, there is no evidence that these groups had trading or political connections to the ancient Sumerians or to one another. All three groups developed writing systems that looked completely different from the others.
Over time, writing systems have spread all over the world, and people have adapted them based on their own languages and needs. Today, writing is at the centre of human life. We use it for everything from creating laws to texting with friends. Perhaps most importantly, we use writing to share our stories and preserve them for the future.