Solutions

key notes :

Definition of a Solution:

• A solution is a mixture where one substance (solute) dissolves completely in another (solvent).

Components of a Solution:

• Solute: The substance that dissolves (e.g., sugar, salt).
• Solvent: The substance in which the solute dissolves (e.g., water).

Examples of Solutions:

• Sugar dissolved in water.
• Salt dissolved in water.
• Lemonade (lemon juice and sugar mixed in water).

Types of Solutions:

• Liquid solutions: Saltwater, vinegar.
• Solid solutions: Alloys like steel (iron and carbon).
• Gas solutions: Air (a mixture of gases).

Properties of Solutions:

• Solutions are usually clear or transparent (e.g., saltwater).
• The solute does not settle down or separate from the solvent.
• Solutions are uniform (same throughout).

Solubility:

• The ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent.
• Example: Sugar is soluble in water, but oil is not.

Factors Affecting Solubility:

• Temperature: Hot water dissolves sugar faster than cold water.
• Stirring: Mixing helps solutes dissolve faster.
• Amount of solute and solvent: Too much solute may not dissolve (saturation).

Saturated Solutions:

• A solution that cannot dissolve more solute at a given temperature.

Real-Life Applications:

• Making tea or coffee.
• Preparing saltwater for cooking.
• Mixing medicines.

Experiments to Try:

• Dissolve different substances (e.g., sugar, salt, sand) in water to observe solubility.
• Heat water and check how much more solute dissolves compared to cold water.

Let’s practice!